GIVEN THE LINK BETWEEN WORD-FINDING DIFFICULTIES AND COGNITIVE DECLINE,
HOW MIGHT WE SUPPORT LOVED ONES WHO EXPERIENCE THIS CHALLENGE?
Throughout our lives, many of us
have encountered moments when
we struggle to recall a name, object,
or place despite knowing precisely
what we mean. This phenomenon,
commonly known as “lethologica” or
difficulty in word retrieval, becomes
more challenging the more we
attempt to remember the word.
Such lapses often occur when we
are in a state of excitement, stress,
or tension and are more prevalent
among older adults. While
occasional instances of word-
finding difficulties are normal, the
underlying mechanisms that cause
them remain intriguing.
An article titled “Scientists Have Identified
a Speech Trait That Foreshadows
Cognitive Decline,
” published by Science
Alert, emphasizes that persistent
struggles in finding the right words may
indicate changes in the brain consistent
with the early stages of Alzheimer’s
disease. Frequently experiencing word-
finding challenges can serve as an early
indicator of Alzheimer’s disease,
preceding more overt symptoms.
“They also reference a study conducted at
the University of Toronto, indicating that the
pace of speech, as opposed to the challenge
of word retrieval, serves as a more reliable
gauge of cognitive health among elderly
individuals.”
Some scientists posit that challenges in
word retrieval stem from temporary
blocks in the retrieval process,
potentially caused by weakened
connections between brain regions,
hindering the seamless flow of
information. Conversely, other studies
propose that word finding difficulties
arise from the organization of our brain’s
neural pathways, affecting the storage
and retrieval of information.
Our brain operates with a
distinctive storage mechanism akin
to a mental dictionary, housing a
vast array of information about
words. This repository encompasses
details such as the letters, sounds,
and meanings of words, along with
insights into their parts of speech
and the syntax required to
construct grammatically correct
sentences. Moreover, this mental
dictionary functions akin to a
thesaurus, facilitating the
association of words and
recognizing their similarities in
meaning, sound, or spelling.
The mental lexicon, unique to each
individual, is shaped by factors
such as our language learning
methods, proficiency levels,
multilingualism, and various other
influences. Unlike its physical
counterpart, the mental lexicon is
dynamic, enabling quick word
retrieval with minimal conscious
effort. The brain’s efficiency in
recalling words is typically rapid,
barring any disruptions that might
lead to phenomena like the tip-of-
the-tongue experience.
Professionals often evaluate word
retrieval challenges through tasks
like verbal fluency, where
individuals are prompted to list as
many objects as possible within a
specific category and time frame.
This task offers insight into an
individual’s word retrieval speed. To
mitigate word-finding difficulties, it
is crucial to engage in regular brain
exercises. Adopting a healthy
lifestyle, nurturing social
connections, consuming a balanced
diet, engaging in routine physical
activity, managing stress, and
participating in mentally stimulating
activities like reading, puzzles, and
games can help maintain cognitive
sharpness. While occasional word-
finding challenges are common,
they can significantly impact
individuals with language
processing impairments.
Word retrieval challenges are a
prevalent occurrence in individuals with
aphasia, a language impairment often
arising following brain injury, such as a
stroke, or in cases of neurodegenerative
conditions like dementia. Similarly,
children experiencing language delays
or those diagnosed with autism
spectrum disorders may also encounter
difficulties in word retrieval. The
substantial impact and regularity of
these challenges in such circumstances
underscore the significance of seeking
professional intervention. A speech-language pathologist can offer
strategies and therapeutic techniques to
enhance word retrieval speed, thereby
alleviating word-finding difficulties. Common
practical recommendations for individuals
experiencing such challenges include:
Employing diverse cue types, such as
phonological cues (e.g., the initial letter of
the word) or semantic cues (e.g.,
describing features or categories related
to the word).
Utilizing visual aids and communication
tools as needed.
Allowing individuals ample time to recall
words without pressure.
Encouraging regular word retrieval
practice and consistent drills.
Engaging in exercises like naming pictures
or recalling items from specific categories, such as various food items.
While individuals facing word finding challenges may find the process
frustrating, it is crucial to diligently practice the strategies recommended
by the therapist. Repetition enhances neural connections in the brain,
leading to quicker word retrieval and increased familiarity with the target
words. Demonstrating empathy by allowing ample time for word recall
without interruptions is vital. Avoiding rushing or completing sentences on
their behalf is equally important. Providing cues when requested can serve
as a helpful aid in prompting word recall.
Consistent practice, coupled with encouragement from family and support
network, plays a significant role in improving word retrieval speed and
enhancing overall communication effectiveness. Seeking timely assistance
from qualified professionals can greatly benefit individuals experiencing
language difficulties. For further information on word finding challenges or
any inquiries related to speech and language concerns, please do not
hesitate to reach out Bloom ‘N Loom Speech Therapy for assistance.
Dr. Preethi T Thomas M.Sc., Ph.D
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